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Ten Commandments
shí jiè
jukkai
十戒 means Ten Commandments or Ten Precepts.
In the Buddhist context, these are prohibitions consisting of five commandments for the layman:
1. Not to destroy life 不殺生 Pāṇātipātāveramaṇi.
2. Not to steal 不倫盜 Adinnādānāver.
3. Not to commit adultery 不婬慾 Abrahmacaryaver.
4. Not to lie 不妄語 Musāvādāver.
5. Not to take intoxicating liquor 不飮酒 Suramereyya-Majjapamādaṭṭhānāver.
The ten commandments for the monk are the preceding five plus:
6. Not to eat food outside of regulated hours 不非時食 Vikāla-Bhojanāver.
7. Not to use garlands or perfumes 不著華鬘好香塗身 Mālā- Gandha-Vilepana-Dhāraṇa-Maṇḍana-Vibhūṣanaṭṭhānā.
8. Not to sleep on high or broad beds (chastity) 不坐高廣大牀 Uccāsayanā-Mahāsayanā.
9. Not to take part in singing, dancing, musical or theatrical performances 不歌舞倡伎不往觀聽 Nacca-Gīta-Vādita-Visūkadassanāver.
10. To refrain from acquiring uncoined or coined gold, or silver, or jewels 不得捉錢金銀寶物 Jātarūpa-Rajata-Paṭīggahaṇāver.
These original Buddhist commandments date back to about 2500 years ago. The English definitions above are followed by Chinese characters and original Pali pronunciation.
Under the Māhayāna Buddhism, these ten commands for the monk were changed, to accord with the new environment of the monk, to the following: not to kill, not to steal, to avoid all unchastity, not to lie, not to slander, not to insult, not to chatter, not to covet, not to give way to anger, to harbor no skepticism.
Five Precepts
bù shā shēng bù tōu dào bù xié yín bù wàng yǔ bù yǐn jiǔ
不殺生不偷盜不邪淫不妄語不飲酒 is the full list of the five precepts of Buddhism in Chinese.
There are many ways to translate or express these.
The following is one basic way:
1. Do not kill/murder.
2. Do not steal.
3. Do not commit adultery and/or sexual misconduct.
4. Do not lie or speak falsehoods.
5. Do not become intoxicated (with drugs/alcohol).
Here is another take from my favorite magazine: Lion's Roar: Five Precepts
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| Characters If shown, 2nd row is Simp. Chinese |
Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
五戒 see styles |
wǔ jiè wu3 jie4 wu chieh gokai ごかい |
More info & calligraphy: Five Preceptspañca-veramaṇī; the first five of the ten commandments, against killing, stealing, adultery, lying, and intoxicating liquors. 不殺生; 不偸盜; 不邪婬; 不妄語; 不飮酒 They are binding on laity, male and female, as well as on monks and nuns. The observance of these five ensures rebirth in the human realm. Each command has five spirits to guard its observer 五戒二十五神. |
十戒 see styles |
shí jiè shi2 jie4 shih chieh jukkai じゅっかい |
More info & calligraphy: Ten Commandments(1) (Buddhist term) the 10 precepts; (2) Ten Commandments; Decalogue; Decalog; (surname) Jukkai Śikṣāpada. The ten prohibitions (in Pāli form) consist of five commandments for the layman: (1) not to destroy life 不殺生 pāṇātipātāveramaṇi; (2) not to steal 不倫盜 adinnādānāver; (3) not to commit adultery 不婬慾 abrahmacaryaver.; (4) not to lie 不妄語musāvādāver.; (5) not to take intoxicating liquor 不飮酒 suramereyya-majjapamādaṭṭhānāver. Eight special commandments for laymen consist of the preceding five plus: (6) not to eat food out of regulated hours 不非時食 vikāla-bhojanāver.; (7) not to use garlands or perfumes 不著華鬘好香塗身 mālā- gandha-vilepana-dhāraṇa-maṇḍana-vibhūṣanaṭṭhānā; (8) not to sleep on high or broad beds (chastity) 不坐高廣大牀 uccāsayanā-mahāsayanā. The ten commandments for the monk are the preceding eight plus: (9) not to take part in singing, dancing, musical or theatrical performances, not to see or listen to such 不歌舞倡伎不往觀聽 nacca-gīta-vādita-visūkadassanāver.; (10) to refrain from acquiring uncoined or coined gold, or silver, or jewels 不得捉錢金銀寶物 jātarūpa-rajata-paṭīggahaṇāver. Under the Māhayāna these ten commands for the monk were changed, to accord with the new environment of the monk, to the following: not to kill, not to steal, to avoid all unchastity, not to lie, not to slander, not to insult, not to chatter, not to covet, not to give way to anger, to harbour no scepticism. |
戒 see styles |
jiè jie4 chieh kai; ingoto(ok) かい; いんごと(ok) |
to guard against; to exhort; to admonish or warn; to give up or stop doing something; Buddhist monastic discipline; ring (for a finger) (1) (かい only) {Buddh} admonition; commandment; (2) sila (precept) śīla, 尸羅. Precept, command, prohibition, discipline, rule; morality. It is applied to the five, eight, ten, 250, and other commandments. The five are: (1) not to kill; (2 ) not to steal; (3) not to commit adultery; (4) not to speak falsely; (5) not to drink wine. These are the commands for lay disciples; those who observe them will be reborn in the human realm. The Sarvāstivādins did not sanction the observance of a limited selection from them as did the 成實宗 Satyasiddhi school. Each of the five precepts has five guardian spirits, in all twenty-five, 五戒二十五神. The eight for lay disciples are the above five together with Nos. 7, 8, and 9 of the following; the ten commands for the ordained, monks and nuns, are the above five with the following: (6) not to use adornments of flowers, nor perfumes; (7) not to perform as an actor, juggler, acrobat, or go to watch and hear them; (8) not to sit on elevated, broad, and large divans (or beds); (9) not to eat except in regulation hours; (10) not to possess money, gold or silver, or precious things. The 具足戒full commands for a monk number 250, those for a nun are 348, commonly called 500. Śīla is also the first of the 五分法身, i.e. a condition above all moral error. The Sutra of Brahma's Net has the following after the first five: (6) not to speak of the sins of those in orders; (7) not to vaunt self and depreciate others; (8) not to be avaricious; (9) not to be angry; (10) not to slander the triratna. |
三戒 see styles |
sān jiè san1 jie4 san chieh sankai さんかい |
(1) (from the Analects of Confucius) three lifetime commandments (youth's femininity, middle-aged struggle, old-age gain); (2) {Buddh} three categories of precepts (lay, ordination, moral) The three sets of commandments, i.e. the ten for the ordained who have left home, the eight for the devout at home, and the five for the ordinary laity. |
三福 see styles |
sān fú san1 fu2 san fu mifuku みふく |
(place-name, surname) Mifuku The three (sources of) felicity: (1) The 無量壽經 has the felicity of (a) 世福 filial piety, regard for elders, keeping the ten commandments; (b) 戒福 of keeping the other commandments; (c) 行福 of resolve on complete bodhi and the pursuit of the Buddha-way. (2) The 倶舍論 18, has the blessedness of (a) 施類福 almsgiving, in evoking resultant wealth; (b) 戒類福 observance of the 性戒 (against killing, stealing, adultery, lying) and the 遮戒 (against alcohol, etc.), in obtaining a happy lot in the heavens; (c) 修類福 observance of meditation in obtaining final escape from the mortal round. Cf. 三種淨業. |
事度 see styles |
shì dù shi4 du4 shih tu jido |
Salvation by observing the five commandments, the ten good deeds, etc. |
五乘 see styles |
wǔ shèng wu3 sheng4 wu sheng gojō |
The five vehicles conveying to the karma reward which differs according to the vehicle: they are generally summed up as (1) 入乘 rebirth among men conveyed by observing the five commandments; (2) 天乘 among the devas by the ten forms of good action; (3) 聲聞乘 among the śrāvakas by the four noble truths; (4) 緣覺乘 among pratyekabuddhas by the twelve nidānas; (5) 菩薩乘 among the Buddhas and bodhisattvas by the six pāramitās 六度 q. v. Another division is the various vehicles of bodhisattvas; pratyekabuddhas; śrāvakas; general; and devas-and-men. Another is Hīnayāna Buddha, pratyekabuddhas, śrāvakas, the gods of the Brahma heavens, and those of the desire-realm. Another is Hīnayāna ordinary disciples: śrāvakas: pratyekabuddhas; bodhisattvas; and the one all-inclusive vehicle. And a sixth, of Tiantai, is for men; devas; śrāvakas-cum-pratyekabuddhas; bodhisattvas: and the Buddha-vehicle. The esoteric cult has: men, corresponding with earth; devas, with water: śrāvakas, with fire: pratyekabuddhas, with wind; and bodhisattvas, with 空 the 'void'. |
五教 see styles |
wǔ jiào wu3 jiao4 wu chiao gokyō |
The five division of Buddhism according to the Huayan School, of which there are two That of 杜順 Dushun down to 賢首 Xianshou is (1) 小乘教 Hīnayāna which interprets nirvana as annihilation; (2) 大乘始教 the primary stage of Mahāyāna, with two sections the 相始教 and 空 始教 or realistic and idealistic, (3) 大乘終教 Mahāyāna in its final stage, teaching the 眞如 and universal Buddhahood; (4) 頓教 the immediate, direct, or intuitive school, e. g. by right concentration of thought, or faith, apart from 'works'; (5) 圓教 the complete or perfect teaching of the Huayan, combining all the rest into one all-embracing vehicle. The five are now differentiated into 十宗 ten schools. The other division, by 圭峯 Guifeng of the same school, is (1) 人天教 rebirth as human beings for those who keep the five commandments and as devas those who keep the 十善 as 相始教 above; (4) 大乘破相教 as 空始教 above; and (5) 一乘顯性教 the one vehicle which reveals the universal Buddha-nature; it includes (3), (4), and (5) of the first group. See also 五時教. |
八戒 see styles |
bā jiè ba1 jie4 pa chieh hakkai; hachikai はっかい; はちかい |
the eight precepts (Buddhism) {Buddh} (See 五戒) the eight precepts (the five precepts with the addition of prohibitions against lying in a luxurious bed, self-decoration, song and dance, and eating after noon) (八戒齋) The first eight of the ten commandments, see 戒; not to kill; not to take things not given; no ignoble (i.e. sexual) conduct; not to speak falsely; not to drink wine; not to indulge in cosmetics, personal adornments, dancing, or music; not to sleep on fine beds, but on a mat on the ground; and not to eat out of regulation hours, i.e. after noon. Another group divides the sixth into two―against cosmetics and adornments and against dancing and music; the first eight are then called the eight prohibitory commands and the last the 齋 or fasting commandment. Also 八齋戒; 八關齋 (八支齋) ; cf. 八種勝法. |
十誡 十诫 see styles |
shí jiè shi2 jie4 shih chieh jūkai じっかい |
ten commandments Ten Commandments; Decalogue; Decalog idem 十戒. |
取戒 see styles |
qǔ jiè qu3 jie4 ch`ü chieh chü chieh |
To receive, or accept, the commandments, or rules; a disciple; the beginner receives the first five, the monk, nun, and the earnest laity proceed to the reception of eight, the fully ordained accepts the ten. The term is also applied by the esoteric sects to the reception of their rules on admission. |
善惡 善恶 see styles |
shàn è shan4 e4 shan o zenmaku |
good and evil; good versus evil Good and evil; good, inter alia, is defined as 順理, evil as 違理; i.e. to accord with, or to disobey the right. The 十善十惡 are the keeping or breaking of the ten commandments. |
國王 国王 see styles |
guó wáng guo2 wang2 kuo wang kokuō |
king A king, prince, i. e. one who has attained to his present high estate consequent on keeping all the ten commandments in a previous incarnation; and being protected by devas 天, he is called 天子 deva son, or Son of Heaven. |
小草 see styles |
xiǎo cǎo xiao3 cao3 hsiao ts`ao hsiao tsao ogusa おぐさ |
(surname) Ogusa Smaller herbs, those who keep the five commandments and do the ten good deeds, thereby attaining to rebirth as men or devas, v. 三草二木. |
尸羅 尸罗 see styles |
shī luó shi1 luo2 shih lo shira |
sila (Buddhism) Sila, 尸; 尸怛羅 intp. by 淸凉 pure and cool, i.e. chaste; also by 戒 restraint, or keeping the commandments; also by 性善 of good disposition. It is the second pāramitā, moral purity, i. e. of thought, word, and deed. The four conditions of śīla are chaste, calm, quiet, extinguished, i. e. no longer perturbed by the passions. Also, perhaps śīla, a stone, i. e. a precious stone, pearl, or coral. For the ten śīlas or commandments v. 十戒, the first five, or pañca-śīla 五戒, are for all Buddhists. |
戒力 see styles |
jiè lì jie4 li4 chieh li kairiki |
The power derived from observing the commandments, enabling one who observes the five commandments to be reborn among men, and one who observes the ten positive commands 十善 to be born among devas, or as a king. |
戒善 see styles |
jiè shàn jie4 shan4 chieh shan kaizen |
The good root of keeping the commandments, from which springs the power for one who keeps the five to be reborn as a man; or for one who keeps the ten to be reborn in the heavens, or as a king. |
求寂 see styles |
qiú jí qiu2 ji2 ch`iu chi chiu chi gujaku |
Seeking nirvāṇa, i. e. the disciple who accepts the ten commandments. |
沙彌 沙弥 see styles |
shā mí sha1 mi2 sha mi shami |
novice Buddhist monk śrāmaṇera, 室羅摩拏洛迦; 室末那伊洛迦; 室羅摩尼羅 The male religious novice, who has taken vows to obey the ten commandments. The term is explained by 息惡行慈 one who ceases from evil and does works of mercy, or lives altruistically; 勤策男 a zealous man; 求寂 one who seeks rest; 求涅槃寂 one who seeks the peace of nirvāṇa. Three kinds are recognized according to age, i. e. 7 to 13 years old, old enough to 驅鳥 'drive away crows'; 14 to 19, called 應法 able to respond to or follow the doctrine; 20 to 70. |
三聚戒 see styles |
sān jù jiè san1 ju4 jie4 san chü chieh sanju kai |
(三聚淨戒) The three cumulative commandments: (a) the formal 5, 8, or 10, and the rest; (b) whatever works for goodness; (c) whatever works for the welfare or salvation of living, sentient beings. 三聚圓戒interprets the above three as implicit in each of the ten commandments e.g. (a) not to kill implies (b) mercy and (c) protection or salvation. |
不偸盜 不偸盗 see styles |
bù tōu dào bu4 tou1 dao4 pu t`ou tao pu tou tao fu chūtō |
adinnādāna-veramaṇī; the second of the ten commandments, Thou shalt not steal. |
不食肉 see styles |
bù shí ròu bu4 shi2 rou4 pu shih jou fujiki niku |
vikālabhojana; part of the sixth of the ten commandments, i. e. against eating flesh; v. 不非時食. |
不飮酒 see styles |
bù yǐn jiǔ bu4 yin3 jiu3 pu yin chiu fu onju |
surā-maireya-madya-pramādasthānād vairamaṇī (virati). The fifth of the ten commandments, i. e. against alcohol. |
十善位 see styles |
shí shàn wèi shi2 shan4 wei4 shih shan wei jū zen(no) gurai |
十善戒力; 十善王 The position, or power, attained in the next life by observing the ten commandments here, to be born in the heavens, or as rulers of men. |
十善戒 see styles |
shí shàn jiè shi2 shan4 jie4 shih shan chieh jū zenkai |
The ten commandments (as observed by the laity). |
十善業 十善业 see styles |
shí shàn yè shi2 shan4 ye4 shih shan yeh jū zengō |
(十善業道) The excellent karma resulting from practice of the ten commandments. |
天台律 see styles |
tiān tái lǜ tian1 tai2 lv4 t`ien t`ai lü tien tai lü Tendai ritsu |
The laws of the Tiantai sect as given in the Lotus, and the ten primary commandments and forty-eight secondary commandments of 梵網經 the Sutra of Brahma's Net 梵網經 (Brahmajāla); they are ascribed as the 大乘圓頓戒 the Mahāyāna perfect and immediate moral precepts, immediate in the sense of the possibility of all instantly becoming Buddha. |
小乘戒 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jiè xiao3 sheng4 jie4 hsiao sheng chieh shōjō kai |
The commandments of the Hīnayāna, also recognized by the Mahāyāna: the five, eight, and ten commandments, the 250 for the monks, and the 348 for the nuns. |
沙彌尼 沙弥尼 see styles |
shā mí ní sha1 mi2 ni2 sha mi ni shamini |
(沙尼) śrāmaṇerikā 室羅摩拏理迦. A female religious novice who has taken a vow to obey the ten commandments, i. e. 勤策女 a zealous woman, devoted. |
沙彌戒 沙弥戒 see styles |
shā mí jiè sha1 mi2 jie4 sha mi chieh shami kai |
The ten commandments of the śrāmaṇera; v. 十戒. |
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The following table may be helpful for those studying Chinese or Japanese...
| Title | Characters | Romaji (Romanized Japanese) | Various forms of Romanized Chinese | |
| Ten Commandments | 十戒 | jukkai / jukai | shí jiè / shi2 jie4 / shi jie / shijie | shih chieh / shihchieh |
| Five Precepts | 不殺生不偷盜不邪淫不妄語不飲酒 不杀生不偷盗不邪淫不妄语不饮酒 | bù shā shēng bù tōu dào bù xié yín bù wàng yǔ bù yǐn jiǔ bu4 sha1 sheng1 bu4 tou1 dao4 bu4 xie2 yin2 bu4 wang4 yu3 bu4 yin3 jiu3 bu sha sheng bu tou dao bu xie yin bu wang yu bu yin jiu | pu sha sheng pu t`ou tao pu hsieh yin pu wang yü pu yin chiu pu sha sheng pu tou tao pu hsieh yin pu wang yü pu yin chiu |
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| In some entries above you will see that characters have different versions above and below a line. In these cases, the characters above the line are Traditional Chinese, while the ones below are Simplified Chinese. | ||||
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