There are 26 total results for your 小乘 search.
| Characters | Pronunciation Romanization |
Simple Dictionary Definition |
小乘 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xiao3 sheng4 hsiao sheng shōjō |
Hinayana, the Lesser Vehicle; Buddhism in India before the Mayahana sutras; also pr. [Xiao3 cheng2] Hīnayāna 希那衍. The small, or inferior wain, or vehicle; the form of Buddhism which developed after Śākyamuni's death to about the beginning of the Christian era, when Mahāyāna doctrines were introduced. It is the orthodox school and more in direct line with the Buddhist succession than Mahāyānism which developed on lines fundamentally different. The Buddha was a spiritual doctor, less interested in philosophy than in the remedy for human misery and perpetual transmigration. He "turned aside from idle metaphysical speculations; if he held views on such topics, he deemed them valueless for the purposes of salvation, which was his goal" (Keith). Metaphysical speculations arose after his death, and naturally developed into a variety of Hīnayāna schools before and after the separation of a distinct school of Mahāyāna. Hīnayāna remains the form in Ceylon, Burma, and Siam, hence is known as Southern Buddhism in contrast with Northern Buddhism or Mahāyāna, the form chiefly prevalent from Nepal to Japan. Another rough division is that of Pali and Sanskrit, Pali being the general literary language of the surviving form of Hīnayāna, Sanskrit of Mahāyāna. The term Hīnayāna is of Mahāyānist origination to emphasize the universalism and altruism of Mahāyāna over the narrower personal salvation of its rival. According to Mahāyāna teaching its own aim is universal Buddhahood, which means the utmost development of wisdom and the perfect transformation of all the living in the future state; it declares that Hīnayāna, aiming at arhatship and pratyekabuddhahood, seeks the destruction of body and mind and extinction in nirvāṇa. For arhatship the 四諦Four Noble Truths are the foundation teaching, for pratyekabuddhahood the 十二因緣 twelve-nidānas, and these two are therefore sometimes styled the two vehicles 二乘. Tiantai sometimes calls them the (Hīnayāna) Tripiṭaka school. Three of the eighteen Hīnayāna schools were transported to China: 倶舍 (Abhidharma) Kośa; 成實 Satya-siddhi; and the school of Harivarman, the律 Vinaya school. These are described by Mahāyānists as the Buddha's adaptable way of meeting the questions and capacity of his hearers, though his own mind is spoken of as always being in the absolute Mahāyāna all-embracing realm. Such is the Mahāyāna view of Hīnayāna, and if the Vaipulya sūtras and special scriptures of their school, which are repudiated by Hīnayāna, are apocryphal, of which there seems no doubt, then Mahāyāna in condemning Hīnayāna must find other support for its claim to orthodoxy. The sūtras on which it chiefly relies, as regards the Buddha, have no authenticity; while those of Hīnayāna cannot be accepted as his veritable teaching in the absence of fundamental research. Hīnayāna is said to have first been divided into minority and majority sections immediately after the death of Śākyamuni, when the sthāvira, or older disciples, remained in what is spoken of as "the cave", some place at Rājagṛha, to settle the future of the order, and the general body of disciples remained outside; these two are the first 上坐部 and 大衆部 q. v. The first doctrinal division is reported to have taken place under the leadership of the monk 大天 Mahādeva (q.v.) a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa and during the reign of Aśoka; his reign, however, has been placed later than this by historians. Mahādeva's sect became the Mahāsāṅghikā, the other the Sthāvira. In time the two are said to have divided into eighteen, which with the two originals are the so-called "twenty sects" of Hīnayāna. Another division of four sects, referred to by Yijing, is that of the 大衆部 (Arya) Mahāsaṅghanikāya, 上座部 Āryasthavirāḥ, 根本說一切有部 Mūlasarvāstivādaḥ, and 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ. There is still another division of five sects, 五部律. For the eighteen Hīnayāna sects see 小乘十八部. |
小乘人 see styles |
xiǎo shèng rén xiao3 sheng4 ren2 hsiao sheng jen shōjō nin |
adherents of the lesser vehicle |
小乘寺 see styles |
xiǎo shèng sì xiao3 sheng4 si4 hsiao sheng ssu shōjō ji |
a monastery that is the site of lesser vehicle practices |
小乘心 see styles |
xiǎo shèng xīn xiao3 sheng4 xin1 hsiao sheng hsin shōjō shin |
attitude of adherents of the lesser vehicle |
小乘戒 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jiè xiao3 sheng4 jie4 hsiao sheng chieh shōjō kai |
The commandments of the Hīnayāna, also recognized by the Mahāyāna: the five, eight, and ten commandments, the 250 for the monks, and the 348 for the nuns. |
小乘教 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jiào xiao3 sheng4 jiao4 hsiao sheng chiao shōjō kyō |
teaching of the lesser vehicle |
小乘禪 小乘禅 see styles |
xiǎo shèng chán xiao3 sheng4 chan2 hsiao sheng ch`an hsiao sheng chan shōjō zen |
lesser vehicle meditation |
小乘經 小乘经 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jīng xiao3 sheng4 jing1 hsiao sheng ching shōjō kyō |
The Hīnayāna sūtras, the four sections of the Āgamas 阿含經 v. 小乘九部. |
小乘論 小乘论 see styles |
xiǎo shèng lùn xiao3 sheng4 lun4 hsiao sheng lun shōjō ron |
The Hīnayāna śāstras or Abhidharma. |
大小乘 see styles |
dà xiǎo shèng da4 xiao3 sheng4 ta hsiao sheng daishō jō |
greater vehicle Buddhism and lesser vehicle Buddhism |
小乘三印 see styles |
xiǎo shèng sān yìn xiao3 sheng4 san1 yin4 hsiao sheng san yin shōjō san'in |
The three characteristic marks of all Hīnayāna sūtras: the impermanence of phenomena, the unreality of the ego, and nirvāṇa. |
小乘三藏 see styles |
xiǎo shèng sān zàng xiao3 sheng4 san1 zang4 hsiao sheng san tsang shōjō sanzō |
Tripiṭaka of the Lesser Vehicle |
小乘九部 see styles |
xiǎo shèng jiǔ bù xiao3 sheng4 jiu3 bu4 hsiao sheng chiu pu shōjō kubu |
The nine classes of works belonging to the Hīnayāna, i.e. the whole of the twelve discourses; the Vaipulya, or broader teaching; and the Vyākaraṇa, or prophesies. |
小乘二部 see styles |
xiǎo shèng èr bù xiao3 sheng4 er4 bu4 hsiao sheng erh pu shōjō nibu |
The 上座部 Sthaviravādin, School of Presbyters, and 大衆部 Sarvāstivādin, q.v. |
小乘佛教 see styles |
xiǎo chéng fó jiào xiao3 cheng2 fo2 jiao4 hsiao ch`eng fo chiao hsiao cheng fo chiao shōjō bukkyō |
lesser vehicle Buddhism |
小乘四門 小乘四门 see styles |
xiǎo shèng sì mén xiao3 sheng4 si4 men2 hsiao sheng ssu men shōjō shimon |
Tiantai's division of Hīnayāna into four schools or doctrines: (1) 有門 Of reality, the existence of all phenomena, the doctrine of being (cf. 發智六足論, etc.); (2) 空門 of unreality, or non-existence (cf. 成實論); (3) 亦有亦空門 of both, or relativity of existence and non-existence (cf. 毘勒論); (4) 非有非空 of neither, or transcending existence and non-existence (cf. 迦旃延經). |
小乘外道 see styles |
xiǎo shèng wài dào xiao3 sheng4 wai4 dao4 hsiao sheng wai tao shōjō gedō |
Hīnayāna and the heretical sects; also, Hīnayāna is a heretical sect. |
五百小乘 see styles |
wǔ bǎi xiǎo shèng wu3 bai3 xiao3 sheng4 wu pai hsiao sheng gohyaku shōjō |
five hundred lesser vehicle (schools) |
小乘二十部 see styles |
xiǎo shèng èr shí bù xiao3 sheng4 er4 shi2 bu4 hsiao sheng erh shih pu shōjō nijūbu |
twenty schools of lesser vehicle Buddhism |
小乘偏漸戒 小乘偏渐戒 see styles |
xiǎo shèng piān jiàn jiè xiao3 sheng4 pian1 jian4 jie4 hsiao sheng p`ien chien chieh hsiao sheng pien chien chieh shōjō henzen kai |
The Hīnayāna partial and gradual method of obeying laws and commandments, as compared with the full and immediate salvation of Mahāyāna. |
小乘十八部 see styles |
xiǎo shèng shí bā bù xiao3 sheng4 shi2 ba1 bu4 hsiao sheng shih pa pu shōjō jūhachi bu |
A Chinese list of the "eighteen" sects of the Hīnayāna, omitting Mahāsāṅghikāḥ, Sthavira, and Sarvāstivādah as generic schools: I. 大衆部 The Mahāsāṅghikāḥ is divided into eight schools as follows: (1) 一說部 Ekavyavahārikāḥ; (2) 說出世部 Lokottaravādinaḥ; (3) 雞胤部 Kaukkuṭikāḥ (Gokulikā); (4) 多聞部 Bahuśrutīyāḥ; (5) 說假部 Prajñāptivadinaḥ; (6) 制多山部 Jetavaniyāḥ, or Caityaśailāḥ; (7) 西山住部 Aparaśailāḥ; (8) 北山住部 Uttaraśailāḥ. II. 上坐部 Āryasthavirāḥ, or Sthāviravādin, divided into eight schools: (1) 雪山部 Haimavatāḥ. The 說一切有部 Sarvāstivādaḥ gave rise to (2) 犢子部 Vātsīputrīyāḥ, which gave rise to (3) 法上部 Dharmottarīyāḥ; (4) 賢冑部 Bhadrayānīyāḥ; (5) 正量部 Saṃmatīyāḥ; and (6) 密林山 Saṇṇagarikāḥ; (7) 化地部 Mahīśāsakāḥ produced (8) 法藏部 Dharmaguptāḥ. From the Sarvāstivādins arose also (9) 飮光部 Kāśyaḥpīyā and (10) 經量部 Sautrāntikāḥ. v. 宗輪論. Cf Keith, 149-150. The division of the two schools is ascribed to Mahādeva a century after the Nirvāṇa. Under I the first five are stated as arising two centuries after the Nirvāṇa, and the remaining three a century later, dates which are unreliable. Under II, the Haimavatāḥ and the Sarvāstivādaḥ are dated some 200 years after the Nirvāṇa; from the Sarvāstivādins soon arose the Vātsīputrīyas, from whom soon sprang the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth; then from the Sarvāstivādins there arose the seventh which gave rise to the eighth, and again, nearing the 400th year, the Sarvāstivādins gave rise to the ninth and soon after the tenth. In the list of eighteen the Sarvāstivādah is not counted, as it split into all the rest. |
一向小乘寺 see styles |
yī xiàng xiǎo shèng sì yi1 xiang4 xiao3 sheng4 si4 i hsiang hsiao sheng ssu ikkō shōjō ji |
A monastery wholly Hīnayāna. |
樂著小乘法 乐着小乘法 see styles |
yào zhuó xiǎo shèng fǎ yao4 zhuo2 xiao3 sheng4 fa3 yao cho hsiao sheng fa gyōjaku shōjō hō |
enamored by lesser vehicle teachings |
小乘阿毗達磨 see styles |
xiǎo chéng ā pí dá mó xiao3 cheng2 a1 pi2 da2 mo2 hsiao ch`eng a p`i ta mo hsiao cheng a pi ta mo |
The philosophical canon of the Hīnayāna, now supposed to consist of some thirty-seven works, the earliest of which is said to be the Guṇanirdeśa śāstra, tr. as 分別功德論 before A.D. 220. "The date of the Abhidharma" is "unknown to us" (Keith). |
小乘阿毘達磨 小乘阿毘达磨 see styles |
xiǎo shèng ā pí dá mó xiao3 sheng4 a1 pi2 da2 mo2 hsiao sheng a p`i ta mo hsiao sheng a pi ta mo shōjō abidatsuma |
lesser-vehicle abhidharma |
宋元入藏諸大小乘經 宋元入藏诸大小乘经 see styles |
sòng yuán rù zàng zhū dà xiǎo shèng jīng song4 yuan2 ru4 zang4 zhu1 da4 xiao3 sheng4 jing1 sung yüan ju tsang chu ta hsiao sheng ching Sōgan nyūzō sho daishōjō kyō |
Sutras of the Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna admitted into the canon during the Northern and Southern Sung (A.D. 960-1127 and 1127-1280) and Yuan (A.D. 1280-1368) dynasties. B.N., 782-1081. |
Entries with 2nd row of characters: The 2nd row is Simplified Chinese.
This page contains 26 results for "小乘" in Chinese and/or Japanese.Information about this dictionary:
Apparently, we were the first ones who were crazy enough to think that western people might want a combined Chinese, Japanese, and Buddhist dictionary.
A lot of westerners can't tell the difference between Chinese and Japanese - and there is a reason for that. Chinese characters and even whole words were borrowed by Japan from the Chinese language in the 5th century. Much of the time, if a word or character is used in both languages, it will have the same or a similar meaning. However, this is not always true. Language evolves, and meanings independently change in each language.
Example: The Chinese character 湯 for soup (hot water) has come to mean bath (hot water) in Japanese. They have the same root meaning of "hot water", but a 湯屋 sign on a bathhouse in Japan would lead a Chinese person to think it was a "soup house" or a place to get a bowl of soup. See this: Japanese Bath House
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Chinese Buddhist terms come from Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms by William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. This is commonly referred to as "Soothill's'". It was first published in 1937 (and is now off copyright so we can use it here). Some of these definitions may be misleading, incomplete, or dated, but 95% of it is good information. Every professor who teaches Buddhism or Eastern Religion has a copy of this on their bookshelf. We incorporated these 16,850 entries into our dictionary database ourselves (it was lot of work).
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